Update Your ProfileAcademic Title:
Associate Professor
Primary Appointment:
Medicine
Phone (Primary):
(410) 706-8255
Education and Training
- University of Notre Dame, B.S. in Biological Sciences, 2006
- Yale University, Ph.D. in Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 2014
- Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 2015-2016
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2016-2017
Biosketch
Dr. Fitzpatrick joined the faculty of the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) in 2017. She is also an affiliate of the Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA) at the Yale School of Public Health.
Dr. Fitzpatrick is an infectious disease transmission modeler. She applies these models to assess infectious disease control strategies, with particular focus on evaluating the cost-effectiveness of vaccines. Her research combines methods from economics and decision sciences with these epidemiological models, to provide policy recommendations and support evidence-based decision-making.
Her research priorities include evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics against RSV, rotavirus, and pertussis, as well as strategies to reduce maternal and infant mortality in low-income settings. Additional pathogens of interest have included rabies, influenza, HIV, Zika, and Ebola.
Currently, Dr. Fitzpatrick is also supporting the response to the SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 pandemic. Her work has projected the impact of unmitigated transmission on healthcare systems, highlighted the importance of measures that prevent infectious spread during the presymptomatic phase, estimated vaccine impact, and evaluated strategies to make K-12 educational environments safer.
Research/Clinical Keywords
Infectious disease modeling; Transmission modeling; Dynamic modeling; Vaccine impact; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Medical decision-making; Pharmacoeconomics; Global health; One Health; Maternal vaccination; Neonatal vaccination; Rabies; Pertussis; Rotavirus; Influenza; Zika; Ebola; COVID-19; SARS-CoV2
Highlighted Publications
Bilinski, A; Salomon, JA; Giardina, J; Ciaranello, A; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2021) Passing the Test: A model-based analysis of safe school-reopening strategies. Annals of Internal Medicine. 174(8): 1090 – 1100.
Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) Optimizing age-specific vaccination. Science. 10.1126/science.abg2334.
Laufer, RS; Driscoll, AJ; Baral, R; Buchwald, AG; Campbell, JD; Coulibaly, F; Diallo, F; Doumbia, M; Galvani, AP; Haidara, FC; Kotloff, KL; Keita, AM; Neuzil, KM; Orenstein, EW; Orenstein, LAV; Pecenka, C; Sow, S; Tapia, MD; Ortiz, JR; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2021) Cost-effectiveness of infant respiratory syncytial virus preventative interventions in Mali: a modeling study to inform policy and investment decisions. Vaccine. 39(35): 5037 – 5045.
Moghadas, SM*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Sah, P; Pandey, A; Shoukat, A; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2020) The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 117(30): 17513 – 17515. *Authors contributed equally to this paper.
Galvani, AP; Parpia, AS; Foster, EM; Singer, BH; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2020) Improving the prognosis of healthcare in the United States. The Lancet. 395(10223): 15 – 21.
Fitzpatrick, MC; Bauch, CT; Townsend, JP; Galvani, AP. (2019) Modelling microbial infection to address global health challenges. Nature Microbiology. 4(10): 1612 – 1619.
Sah, P; Alfaro-Murillo, JA; Fitzpatrick, MC, Neuzil, KM; Meyers, LA; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2019) Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 116(41): 20786 – 20792.
Additional Publication Citations
63. Laufer, RS; Baral, R; Buchwald, AG; Campbell, JD; Coulibaly, F; Diallo, F; Doumbia, M; Driscoll, AD; Galvani, AP; Keita, AM; Neuzil, KM; Sow, SO; Pecenka, C; Ortiz, JR; Fitzpatrick, MC. Optimizing next-generation RSV prevention in Mali: a cost-effectiveness analysis of pediatric vaccination, maternal vaccination, and extended half-life monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis. PLOS Global Public Health, in press.
62. Driscoll, AJ; Haidara, FC; Tapia, MD; Deichsel, EL; Bailey, JA; Bocoum, T; Fitzpatrick, MC; Goldenberg, RL; Kodio, M; Moulton, LH; Nasrin, D; Onwuchekwa, U; Samake, OS; Shaffer, AM; Sow, SO; Kotloff, KL. Antenatal, intrapartum, and infant azithromycin to prevent stillbirths and infant deaths: study protocol for a 2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open, in press.
61. Galvani, AP; Parpia, AS; Pandey, A; Sah, P; Colón, K; Friedman, G; Campbell, T; Kahn, JG; Singer, BH; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2022) Universal healthcare as pandemic preparedness: the lives and costs that could have been saved during the COVID-19 pandemic by healthcare reform in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 119(25): e2200536119.
60. Campbell, T; Galvani, AP; Friedman, G; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2022) Exacerbation of COVID-19 mortality by the fragmented United States healthcare system: a retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas. 12: 100264.
59. Savinkina, A; Bilinski, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Paltiel, AD; Rizvi, Z; Salomon, JA; Thornhill, T; Gonsalves, G. (2022) Estimating deaths averted and cost per life saved by scaling-up mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in low and lower-middle income countries in the COVID-19 Omicron variant era: a modeling study. BMJ Open. 12(9): e061752.
58. Friedman-Klabanoff, DJ; Fitzpatrick, MC; Deming, ME; Agrawal, V; Sitar, S; Schaafsma, T; Brown, E; Neuzil, KM; Barnabas, RV; Laufer, MK. (2022) Hydroxychloroquine COVID-19 PEP Study Team. Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Acquisition Is Associated with Individual Exposure but Not Community-Level Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. jiac029: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac029.
57. Bilinski, A; Ciaranello, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Giardina, J; Shah, M; Salomon, JA. Estimated Transmission Outcomes and Costs of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Testing, Screening, and Surveillance Strategies Among a Simulated Population of Primary School Students. JAMA Pediatrics. 176(7): 679 – 689.
56. Giardina, J; Bilinski, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Kendall, EA; Linas, BP; Salomon, JA; Ciaranello, A. (2022) Model-estimated association between simulated US elementary school-related SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mitigation interventions, and vaccine coverage across community incidence levels. JAMA Network Open. 5(2): e214827.
55. Wells, CR; Pandey, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Crystal, WS; Singer, BH; Moghadas, SM; Galvani, AP; Townsend, JP. (2022) Quarantine and testing strategies to ameliorate transmission due to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modelling study. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe. 14: 100304.
54. Du, Z; Wang, L; Bai, Y; Wang, X; Pandey, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Chinazzi, M; Pastore y Piontti, A; Hupert, N; Lachmann, M; Vespignani, A; Galvani, AP; Cowling, BJ; Meyers, LA. (2022) Cost-effective proactive testing strategies during COVID-19 mass vaccination: a modelling study. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas. 8: 100182.
53. Vilches, TN; Sah, P; Moghadas, SM; Shoukat, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Hotez, PJ; Schneider, EC; Galvani, AP. (2022) COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths averted under an accelerated vaccination program in northeastern and southern regions of the USA. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas. 6: 100147.
52. Vilches, TN; Moghadas, SM; Sah, P; Fitzpatrick, MC; Shoukat, A; Panday, A; Galvani, AP. (2022) Estimating COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths following the US vaccination campaigns during the pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 5(1): e2142725.
51. Bilinski, A; Salomon, JA; Giardina, J; Ciaranello, A; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2021) Passing the Test: A model-based analysis of safe school-reopening strategies. Annals of Internal Medicine. 174(8): 1090 – 1100.
50. Sah, P; Fitzpatrick, MC; Zimmer, CF; Abdollahi, E; Juden-Kelly, L; Moghadas, SM; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2021) Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 118(34): e2109229118.
49. Yamin, D; Kahana, D; Shahmoon, E; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) Influenza vaccination should have no border: cost-effectiveness of cross-border subsidy. BMC Public Health. 21(1): 1543.
48. Laufer, RS; Driscoll, AJ; Baral, R; Buchwald, AG; Campbell, JD; Coulibaly, F; Diallo, F; Doumbia, M; Galvani, AP; Haidara, FC; Kotloff, KL; Keita, AM; Neuzil, KM; Orenstein, EW; Orenstein, LAV; Pecenka, C; Sow, S; Tapia, MD; Ortiz, JR; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2021) Cost-effectiveness of infant respiratory syncytial virus preventative interventions in Mali: a modeling study to inform policy and investment decisions. Vaccine. 39(35): 5037 – 5045.
47. Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) Optimizing age-specific vaccination. Science. 371 (6532): 890 – 891.
46. Sah, P; Vilches, TN; Moghadas, SM; Fitzpatrick, MC; Singer, BH; Hotez, PJ; Galvani, AP. (2021) Accelerated vaccine rollout is imperative to mitigate highly transmissible COVID-19 variants. EClinicalMedicine. 35: 100865.
45. Moghadas, SM; Vilches, TN; Zhang, K; Nourbakhsh, S; Sah, P; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies with a delayed second dose. PLOS Biology. 19(4): e3001211.
44. Ortiz, JR; Robertson, J; Hsu, J; Yu, SL; Driscoll, AJ; Williams, SR; Chen, WH; Fitzpatrick, MC; Sow, S; Biellik, RJ; Neuzil, KM. (2021) The potential effects of deploying SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on cold storage capacity and immunization workload in countries of the WHO African Region. Vaccine. 39(15): 2165 – 2176.
43. Parpia, AS; Martinez, I; El-Sayed, AM; Wells, CR; Myers, L; Duncan, J; Collins, J; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP; Pandey, A. (2021) Racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across Michigan, United States. EClinicalMedicine. 33: 100761.
42. Moghadas, SM*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Shoukat, A*; Zhang, K; Galvani, AP. (2021) Simulated Identification of Silent COVID-19 Infections Among Children and Estimated Future Infection Rates with Vaccination. JAMA Network Open. 4(4): e217097.
*Authors contributed equally to this paper.
41. Moghadas, SM; Vilches, TN; Zhang, K; Wells, CR; Shoukat, A; Singer, BH; Meyers, LA; Neuzil, KM; Langley, JM; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) The impact of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 73(12): 2257 – 2264.
40. Du, Z; Pandey, A; Bai, Y; Fitzpatrick, MC; Chinazzi, M; Pastore y Pinotti, A; Lachmann, M; Vespignani, A; Cowling, BJ; Galvani, AP; Meyers, LA. (2021) Comparative cost-effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies: a modeling study. The Lancet Public Health. 6(3): E184-E191.
39. Wells, CR; Townsend, JP; Pandey, A; Moghadas, SM; Krieger, G; Singer, B; McDonald, RH; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP. (2021) Optimal COVID-19 quarantine and testing strategies. Nature Communications. 12(1):356.
38. Fitzpatrick, MC; Pandey, A; Wells, CR; Sah, P; Galvani, AP. (2021) Buyer beware: inflated claims of sensitivity for rapid COVID-19 tests. The Lancet. 397(10268): 24 – 25.
37. Moghadas, SM*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Sah, P; Pandey, A; Shoukat, A; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2020) The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 117(30): 17513 – 17515.
*Authors contributed equally to this paper.
36. Wells, CR*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Sah, P; Shoukat, A; Pandey, A; El-Sayed, AM; Singer, BH; Moghadas, SM; Galvani, AP. (2020) Projecting the demand for ventilators at the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20(10): P1123 – 1125.
*Authors contributed equally to this paper.
35. Moghadas, SM; Shoukat, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Wells, CR; Sah, P; Pandey, A; Sachs, JD; Wang, Z; Meyers, LA; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2020) Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 117(16): 9122 – 9126.
34. Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani AP. (2020) The effect of Medicare for All on rural hospitals – Authors’ reply. The Lancet. 396(10260): 1392 – 1393.
33. Galvani, AP; Parpia, AS; Pandey, A; Zimmer, C; Kahn, JG; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2020) The imperative for universal healthcare to curtail the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA. EClinicalMedicine. 23: 100380
32. Galvani, AP; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2020) Cost-effectiveness of transitional US plans for universal health care. The Lancet. 395(10238): 1692 – 1693.
31. Galvani, AP; Parpia, AS; Foster, EM; Singer, BH; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2020) Improving the prognosis of healthcare in the United States. The Lancet. 395(10223): 15 – 21.
30. Wells, CR, Huppert, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Pandey, A; Velan, B; Singer, BH; Bauch, CT; Galvani, AP. (2020) Prosocial polio vaccination in Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 117(23): 13138 – 13144.
29. Alfaro-Murillo, JA; Ávila-Agüero, ML; Fitzpatrick, MC; Crystal, CJ; Falleiros-Arlant, LH; Galvani, AP. (2020) The case for replacing the live oral polio vaccine with the inactivated vaccine throughout the Americas. The Lancet. 395(10230): 1163 – 1166.
28. Craig, R; Kunkel, E; Crowcroft, N; Fitzpatrick, MC; de Melker, H; Althouse, BM; Merkel, T; Scarpino, SV; Koelle, K; Friedman, L; Arnold, C; Bolotin, S. (2020) Asymptomatic infection and transmission of pertussis in households: a systematic review. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 70(1): 152 – 161.
27. Fitzpatrick, MC; Bauch, CT; Townsend, JP; Galvani, AP. (2019) Modelling microbial infection to address global health challenges. Nature Microbiology. 4(10): 1612 – 1619.
26. Sah, P; Alfaro-Murillo, JA; Fitzpatrick, MC, Neuzil, KM; Meyers, LA; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2019) Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 116(41): 20786 – 20792.
25. Wells, CR; Pandey, A; Parpia, AS; Fitzpatrick, MC; Meyers, LA; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2019) Ebola vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 116(20): 10178 – 10183.
24. Beyene, TJ; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP; Mourits, MCM; Revie CW; Cernicchiaro N; Sanderson MW; Hogeveen H. (2019) Impact of One-Health framework on vaccination cost-effectiveness: A case study of rabies in Ethiopia. One Health. 8:100103.
23. España, G; Yao, Y; Anderson, KB; Fitzpatrick, MC; Smith, DL; Morrison, AC; Wilder-Smith, A; Scott, TW; Perkins, TA. (2019) Model-based assessment of public health impact and cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination following screening for prior exposure. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 13(7): e0007482.
22. Neuzil, KM; Fitzpatrick, MC. (2019) The Impact of Influenza Vaccine: It’s the Size of the Glass. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciz078. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz078.
21. Pandey, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani AP. (2019) Metrics and benchmarks for HIV transition – Authors’ reply. The Lancet HIV. 6(3): e150.
20. Galvani, AP; Pandey, A; Fitzpatrick, MC; Medlock, J; Gray, GE. (2018) Defining control of HIV epidemics. The Lancet HIV. 5(11): 667 – 670.
19. Fitzpatrick, MC; Gray, GE; Galvani, AP. (2018) Facing the Future – the Challenge of Vanquishing HIV for the Next Generation. JAMA Pediatrics. 172(7): 609 – 610.
18. Sah, P; Medlock, J; Fitzpatrick, MC; Singer, BH; Galvani, AP. (2018) Optimizing the impact of low-efficacy influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 115(20): 5151 – 5156.
17. Durham, DP; Fitzpatrick, MC; Ndeffo-Mbah, ML; Parpia, MS; Michael, NL; Galvani, AP. (2018) Evaluating Zika vaccination strategies in the Americas. Annals of Internal Medicine. 168(9): 621 – 630.
16. Haidara, FC; Tapia, MD; Sow SO; Doumbia, M; Coulibaly, F; Diallo, F; Traoré, A; Kodio, M; Kelly, CL; Fitzpatrick, MC; Kotloff, K; Victor, JC; Neuzil, K. (2018) Evaluation of a Booster Dose of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Co-Administered with Measles, Yellow Fever and Meningitis A Vaccines in 9-month-old Malian Infants. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 218(4): 606 – 613.
15. Fitzpatrick, MC; Singer, BH; Hotez, PJ; Galvani, AP. (2017) Saving lives efficiently across sectors: the need for a Congressional cost-effectiveness committee. The Lancet. 6736(17): 17 – 19.
14. Galvani, AP; Fitzpatrick, MC; Vermund, SH; Singer, BH. (2017) Fund global health: Save lives and money. Science. 356: 1018 – 1019.
13. Sah, P; Fitzpatrick, MC; Pandey, A; Galvani, AP. (2017) HIV criminalization exacerbates subpar diagnosis and treatment across the United States: response to the ‘Association of HIV diagnosis rates and laws criminalizing HIV exposure in the United States.’ AIDS. 31(17): 2437 – 2439.
12. Galvani, AP; Durham DP; Vermund, SH; Fitzpatrick MC. (2017) California Universal Health Care: an economic stimulus and life-saving proposal. The Lancet. 390(10106): 2012 – 2014.
11. Fitzpatrick, MC; Shah, HA; Pandey, A; Bilinski, AM; Kakkar, M; Clark, AD; Townsend, JP; Abbas, SS; Galvani, AP. (2016) One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 113(51): 14574 – 14581.
10. Bilinski, AM; Fitzpatrick, MC; Rupprecht, CE; Paltiel, AD; Galvani, AP. (2016) Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283(1842): 20161211.
9. Fitzpatrick, MC; Wenzel, NS; Scarpino, SV; Althouse, BM; Atkins, KE; Galvani, AP; Townsend, JP. (2016) Cost-effectiveness of next-generation vaccines: the case of pertussis. Vaccine. 34(29): 3405 – 3411.
8. Atkins, KE*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Galvani, AP; Townsend, JP. (2016) Cost-effectiveness of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy in the US. American Journal of Epidemiology. 183(12): 1159 – 1170.
*Authors contributed equally to this paper.
7. DeAngelis, H; Scarpino, SV; Fitzpatrick, MC; Galvani, AP; Althouse, BM. (2016) Epidemiological and economic impacts of priming with whole-cell Bordetella pertussis vaccine. JAMA Pediatrics. 170(5): 459 – 465.
6. Alfaro-Murillo, JA*; Parpia, AS*; Fitzpatrick, MC*; Tamagnan, JA; Medlock, J; Ndeffo-Mbah, ML; Fish, D; Ávila-Agüero, ML; Marín, R; Ko, AI; Galvani, AP. (2016) A cost-effectiveness tool for informing policies on Zika virus control. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 10(5): e000473 *Authors contributed equally to this paper.
5. Fitzpatrick, MC; Hampson, K; Cleaveland, S; Mzimbiri, I; Lankester, F; Lembo, T; Meyers, LA; Paltiel, AD; Galvani, AP. (2014) Cost-effectiveness of canine vaccination to prevent human rabies in rural Tanzania. Annals of Internal Medicine. 160(2): 91 – 100
4. Dunn, JM; Krause, PJ; Davis, S; Vannier, EG; Fitzpatrick, MC; Rollend, L; Belperron, AA; States, SL; Stacey A; Bockenstedt, LK; Fish, D; Diuk-Wasser, MA. (2014) Borrelia burgdorferi promotes the establishment of Babesia microti in the northeastern United States. PLoS ONE. 9(12): e115494
3. Fitzpatrick, MC; Hampson, K; Cleaveland, S; Meyers, LA; Townsend, JP; Galvani, AP. (2012) Potential for rabies control through dog vaccination in wildlife-abundant communities of Tanzania. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6(8): e1796
2. Coulibaly, MB; Lobo, NF; Fitzpatrick, MC; Kern, M; Grushko, O; Thaner, DV; Traore, SF; Collins, FH; Besansky, NJ. (2007) Segmental duplication implicated in the genesis of inversion 2Rj of Anopheles gambiae. PLoS ONE. 2(9): e849
1. Stump, AD; Fitzpatrick, MC; Lobo, NF; Traore, S; Sagnon, NF; Costantini, C; Collins, FH; Besansky, NJ. (2005) Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 102(44): 15930 – 15935
Awards and Affiliations
2022 Faculty Teacher of the Year Award, Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
2022 Advanced Course in Vaccinology (ADVAC) Scholarship, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID)
Affiliate, Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health
In the News
COVID Vaccines Prevented 3 Million Deaths in the U.S., New Analysis Finds: https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/news/2022/Covid-Vaccines-Prevented-3-Million-Deaths-in-the-US-New-Analysis-Finds.html
Links of Interest
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cCgEwiIAAAAJ&hl=en