Peter Hu PhD, Associate Professor; Shiming Yang, PhD, Assistant Professor, Colin F. Mackenzie, MB,ChB, MD, Professor Emeritus from the Department of Anesthesiology and Hegang Chen, PhD, Professor from the Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, received approval for a US patent on June 15, 2021, for “Method and Apparatus for Predicting a use for a Blood Transfusion”. This method is provided for predicting that a caregiver will order a blood transfusion during a treatment. The method uses joint time and frequency domain analysis on continuous photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform or a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform or both collected in early admission time to predict urgent or massive transfusion for trauma patients. An apparatus is also provided for predicting that the caregiver will order the blood transfusion during the treatment. For more information click here.