PHARMACOLOGY: QUESTIONS BASED ON
SAMPLE DRUG CLASSIFICATION TABLES
DRUGS FOR TREATING BACTERIAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Describe the action and spectrum of penicillins.
action: -?-
inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, inhibiting cross-linking enzymes & activating autolytic enzymes that disrupt bacterial cell walls
spectrum: -?-
streptococci, menigococci, pneumococci, Gram-positive bacilli, gonococci, spirochetes
Name the spectrum for methicillin.
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staphylococci
Name the spectrum for ampicillin.
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similar to penicillin G; also includes E. coli, P. mirabilis, and H influenzae
Name the spectrum for carbenicillin.
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Gram-negative rods & especially useful for Pseudomonas species
Name the spectrum for cephalothin (first generation cephalosporin).
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Gram-positive cocci, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae
Name the spectrum for cefamandole (second-generation cephalosporin).
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greater activity against Gram-negative organisms than first-generation cephalosporins
Name the spectrum for cefoperazone (third-generation cephalosporin).
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broader activity against resistant Gram-negative organisms; some derivatives penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Name the spectrum for imipenem.
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wide action against Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, and some anaerobes
Name the spectrum for aztreonam.
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resistant to β-lactamases produced by Gram-negative rods
Match prototype drug to its action.
| -?- (e) tetracycline | Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which interferes with binding of aminoacyl-tRNA |
| -?- (d) vancomycin | Inhibits synthesis of cell wall mucopeptides (peptidoglycans) |
| -?- (a) erythromycin | Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to part of the 50S ribosomal subunit |
| -?- (f) norfloxacin | Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) |
| -?- (g) chloramphenicol | Inhibits peptide bond formation by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting peptidyl transferase |
| -?- (c) trimethoprim | Inhibit folic acid synthesis by competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase |
| -?- (b) gentamicin | Inhibits protein sythesis by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes which blocks formation of the initiation complex, causing misreading of code on the mRNA template & disrupting polysomes |
| -?- (c) trimethoprim | Inhibits folic acid synthesis by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase |
| (a) erythromycin (b) gentamicin (c) trimethoprim (d) vancomycin (e) tetracycline (f) norfloxacin (g) chloramphenicol (h) sulfonamides | |
Match prototype drug to its action.
| -?- (b) erythromycin | Gram-positive cocci, mycoplasma, corynebacteria, Legionella, Ureaplasma, Bordetella: |
| -?- (d) vancomycin | Gram-positive bacteria, especially for resistant mutants |
| -?- (c) chloramphenicol | Salmonella and Haemophilus infections and meningococcal & pneumococcal meningitis |
| -?- (h) gentamicin | E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia species |
| -?- (f) tetracycline | Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, rickettsia, vibrio |
| -?- (a) sulfonamides | Gram-positive & negative organisms, including chlamydia & nocardia |
| -?- (e) trimethoprim | Used in combination with sulfamethoxazole |
| -?- (g) norfloxin | Gram-negative organisms, including gonococci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. jejuni, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella species |
| (a) sulfonamides (b) erythromycin (c) chloramphenicol (d) vancomycin (e) trimethoprim (f) tetracycline (g) norfloxin (h) gentamicin | |