PATHOLOGY
Renal
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Matching: Glomerular pathology/nephritic syndrome
| -?-membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis | EM: subendothelial humps, "tram track" |
| -?-Goodpasture's syndrome | IF: linear pattern, anti-GBM antibodies |
| -?-IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) | IF and EM: mesangial deposits; mild disease; often postinfectious |
| -?-Alport's syndrome | split basement membrane |
| -?-rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis | LM and IF: crescent-moon shaped; rapid course to renal failure from one of many causes |
| -?-acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis | LM: glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular, neutrophils, "lumpy-dumpy"; EM: subepithelial humps; IF: granular pattern; most frequently seen in children |
| -?-Alport's syndrome | collagen IV mutation; nerve deafness & ocular disorders |
| -?-Goodpasture's syndrome | hemoptysis, hematuria |
| acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Goodpasture's syndrome membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) Alport's syndrome | |
Matching: Glomerular pathology/nephritic syndrome
| -?-diabetic nephropathy | LM: wire-loop appearance with extensive granular subendothelial basement membrane deposits in membranous glomerulonephritis pattern |
| -?-membranous gloerulonephritis | LM: diffuse capillary & basement membrane thickening; IF: granular pattern; EM: "spike & dome" |
| -?-focual segmental glomerular sclerosis | LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis |
| -?-diabetic nephropathy | LM: Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions, basement membrane thickening |
| -?-minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) | LM: normal glomeruli; EM foot process effacement |
| -?-focual segmental glomerular sclerosis | more severe in HIV patients |
| -?-membranous gloerulonephritis | a common cause of adult nephritic syndrome |
| -?-minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) | most common cause of childhood nephritic syndrome; responds well to steroids |
| membranous gloerulonephritis minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) focual segmental glomerular sclerosis diabetic nephropathy SLE (5 patterns of renal involvement) | |
Matching: 4 major types of kidney stones
| -?-cystine | most often 2° to cystinuria; radiolucent |
| -?-ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) | 2nd most common kidney stone; radiopaque and urease-positive bugs such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus |
| -?-uric acid | strong association with hyperuricemia (eg, gout); often seen as a result of diseases with ↑ cell proliferation and turnover, such as leukemia & myeloproliferative disorders; radiolucent |
| -?-calcium | constitute the majority of kidney stones (80-85%); stones are radiopaque; tend to recur |
| calcium ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) uric acid cystine | |
Renal cell carcinoma
Most common renal malignancy; most common in men ages -?-50 to -?-70; ↑ incidence in -?-smokers; associated with -?-von Hippel-Lindau and gene deletion in chromosome 3.
Wilms' tumor
Most common renal malignancy of -?-early childhood (ages 2-4); deletion of tumor suppression gene WT1 on chromosome -?-11; can be part of -?-WAGR (Wilms' tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformation, mental-motor Retardation) complex.
Transitional cell carcinoma
most common tumor of -?-urninary tract sytem; often -?-recurs after removal; Associated with problems in your Pee -?-SAC (Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, and Cyclophosphamide)
Anion gap acidosis
What does the mnemonic MUD PILES stand for?
M -?-MethanolU -?-Uremia (chronic renal failure)
D -?-Diabetic ketoacidosis
P -?-Paraldehyde or Phenformin
I -?-Iron tablets or INH
L -?-Lactic acidosis (CN-, CO, shock)
E -?-Ethanol or Ethylene glycol
S -?-Salicylates
Matching
| -?-pyelonephritis | acute- affects cortex with relative sparing of glomeruli/vessels; white cell casts in urine are pathognomonic chronic- coarse, asymmetric corticomedullary scarring; thyroidization of kidney |
| -?-renal papillary necrosis | associated with diabetes mellitus, acute pyelonephritis, chronic phenacetin use |
| -?-diffuse cortical necrosis | acute generalized infarction of cortices of both kidneys; associated with obstetric catastrophes & septic shock |
| -?-acute tubular necrosis | most common cause of acute renal failure; reversible, but fatal if left untreated; associated with renal ischemia, crush injury, toxins |
| pyelonephritis diffuse cortical necrosis acute tubular necrosis renal papillary necrosis | |