MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
MICRO: Mycology
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Most -?-asexual spores are asexual.
The endemic location of:
Coccidioidomycosis is -?-southwestern US, California
Histoplasmosis is -?-Mississippi & Ohio river valleys
Paracoccidioidomycosis is -?-rural Latin America
Blastomycosis is -?-states east of Mississippi River and Central America
All of the above are caused by -?-dimorphic fungi, which are mold in soil (at -?-lower temperature) year in tissue (at higher/body temperature except -?-coccidioidomycosis which is a spherule in tissue.
| -?-(a) tinea versicolor | Caused by Malassezia furfur; causes hypopigmented skin lesions; occurs in hot, humid weather; treat with topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun) |
| -?-(c) tinea pedis | Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring, caused by dermatophytes |
| -?-(b) tinea nigra | Caused by Cladosporium werneckii; infection of keratinized layer of skin; appears as brownish spot; treat with topical salicylic acid |
| (a) tinea versicolor (b) tinea nigra (c) tinea pedis | |
| -?-(b) Asperigillus fumigatus | Mold with septate hyphae that branch at a V-shaped (45°) angle; not dimorphic |
| -?-(d) Mucor & Rhizopus ssp. | Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (Z90°); disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic & leukemic patients; fungi also proliferate in the walls of blood vessels and cause infarction of distal tissue |
| -?-(c) Cryptococcus neoformans | Heavily encrusted yeast; not dimorphic; found in soil, pigeon droppings |
| -?-(a) Candida albicans | Thrush in immunocompromised (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS), vulvovaginitis |
| (a) Candida albicans (b) Asperigillus fumigatus (c) Cryptococcus neoformans (d) Mucor & Rhizopus ssp. | |